Characterization of enamel developmental defects in patients with orofacial clefts and their relationship to surgical procedures.

AIMS: This study aimed to characterize the prevalence of development defects of enamel (DDE) in patients with cleft based on the cleft phenotype and explore the relationship between surgical procedures and different types of DDE. MATERIAL AND METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, 290 standardized orthodontic documentation and medical records from a reference hospital were evaluated, which treated patients with: cleft lip (CL), cleft lip with alveolar bone involvement (CLa), cleft lip and palate (CLP), cleft palate (CP), cleft median (CM), and considering laterality as unilateral or bilateral. DDE was assessed using the Ghanim Index (2015). Information on surgical intervention periods was obtained from medical records. Statistical analyses were performed using prevalence ratio (PR) for DDE comparisons between cleft phenotypes and surgical procedures. RESULTS: The prevalence of DDE was 77.2%. Demarcated hypomineralization was associated with CP and CLP, while hypoplasia was associated with CLa, especially when bilateral. Hypoplasia was also associated with the labial adhesion surgery. CONCLUSION: Demarcated hypomineralization was the most common DDE in this population, and the cleft phenotype influenced the type of DDE manifested. The lip adhesion surgery increased the chances of hypoplasia manifestation. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The type of DDE in patients with cleft depends on the cleft phenotype. Understanding this susceptibility enables the multidisciplinary team to monitor dental development, thus allowing early diagnosis and timely referral to the pediatric dentist and better prognoses.

Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy on teeth with molar incisor hypomineralization-controlled clinical trial.

BACKGROUND: Molar incisor hypomineralization (MIH) is a change in the formation of dental enamel of systemic origin that affects at least one of the first 4 permanent molars and usually affects incisors. During the eruption, the affected surfaces tend to fracture, exposing the dentin, which causes excessive sensitivity in addition to making the region very susceptible to the appearance of carious lesions. The objective of this research will be to evaluate the clinical effect of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) in permanent teeth with severe and sensitive MIH. METHODS: The methodology will be based on the selection of patients from 6 to 12 years of age with permanent molar teeth, randomly divided in 2 groups. The selected teeth should have MIH on the occlusal surface, indicated for clinical restorative treatment. In Group 1, aPDT will be applied for the treatment of infected dentin. Afterward, the teeth will be restored with high viscosity glass ionomer cement. In Group 2, the removal of the softened dentin around the side walls of the cavity with sharp dentine curettes and posterior restoration with high viscosity glass ionomer cement will be performed. All patients will have clinical and radiographic follow-up with a time interval of 6 and 12 months. The data obtained will be submitted to descriptive statistical analysis to evaluate the association of categorical variables. Chi-square test and Fisher exact test will be applied, to analyze the correlation between the continuous variables, Pearson correlation test will be applied. For the analysis of dentin density in the scanned radiographic images and the microbiological results for colony-forming units, ANOVA and Kruskal-Wallis will be applied. DISCUSSION: Often in the presence of severe MIH, the presence of dentin sensitivity is also associated with caries lesion, making it even more necessary to respect the principles of minimal intervention. TRIAL REGISTRATION: NCT03904641.

Qualidade de vida e percepção estética da cárie dentária / Quality of life and aesthetic perception of dental caries / Calidad de vida y la percepción estética de la caries dental

Objetivo: Relacionar a percepção estética e a qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde bucal na presença de cárie dentária em escolares. Métodos: Estudo transversal realizado em Araraquara, São Paulo, Brasil, entre outubro de 2014 e março de 2015, com 260 escolares, de 8 a 10 anos, divididos em grupos clínicos segundo a presença de cárie dentária. Utilizaram-se questionários "Child Perceptions Questionnaire" e "Child Questionnaire About Teeth Appearence" e avaliação clínica para detecção de dentes cariados, perdidos ou obturados em dentes permanentes e decíduos. Dados analisados através do teste qui-quadrado e Mann Whitney, p ≤ 0.05. Resultados: Dos 260 escolares, 130 (50%) apresentavam a doença cárie, com maior frequência (62,0%) na faixa etária 8 anos. Variáveis socioeconômicas, como menor renda familiar e menor escolaridade da mãe, estiveram associadas ao grupo com cárie (p<0,05 e p<0,01 respectivamente). No grupo com cárie, os domínios sintomas orais (4,9 vs 6,6), bem-estar emocional (3,0 vs 4,7) e bem-estar social (2,2 vs 3,5) foram maiores que no grupo sem cárie. Com relação à percepção estética, o domínio psicológico (0,94 vs 1,27) e a percepção geral de saúde bucal (2,26 vs 2,93) se apresentaram maiores no grupo com cárie. Na regressão linear, observou-se contribuição significativa dos números de dentes permanentes cariados e o índice ceo-d (dentes decíduos cariados, extraídos e obturados) na pior percepção de qualidade de vida. Conclusão: A cárie dentária afeta negativamente a percepção estética e a qualidade de vida em crianças de 8 a 10 anos.

Objetive: To relate the aesthetic perception and the oral health-related quality of life in the presence of dental caries in schoolchildren. Methods: Cross-sectional study carried out in Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil, from October 2014 to March 2015, with 260 schoolchildren aged 8 to 10 years, divided into clinical groups according to the presence of dental caries. The Child Perceptions Questionnaire and the Child Questionnaire About Teeth Appearance were applied and a clinical evaluation of permanent and deciduous dentition was conducted for detection of decayed, missing or filled teeth. Data was analyzed using the chi-square test and Mann-Whitney's test, p ≤ 0.05. Results: Of the 260 students, 130 (50%) had caries disease, with the highest frequency (62.0%) in 8-year-olds. Socioeconomic variables, such as lower family income and lower maternal schooling, were associated with the dental caries group (p<0.05 and p<0.01, respectively). In the dental caries group, the domains oral symptoms (4.9 vs 6.6), emotional well-being (3.0 vs 4.7) and social well-being (2.2 vs 3.5) were higher than in the caries-free group. Regarding the aesthetic perception, the psychological domain (0.94 vs 1.27) and the overall perception of oral health (2.26 vs 2.93) were higher in the group with dental caries. In the linear regression, there was a significant contribution of the number of permanent decayed teeth and the dmft (decayed, missing and filled deciduous teeth) index to the worst perception of quality of life. Conclusion: Dental caries negatively affects aesthetic perception and quality of life in 8- to 10-year-old children.

Objetivo: Relacionar la percepción estética y la calidad de vida relacionada con la salud bucal de escolares con caries dental. Métodos: Estudio transversal realizado en Araraquara, São Paulo, Brasil, entre octubre de 2014 y marzo de 2015 con 260 escolares entre 8 y 10 años que fueron divididos en grupos clínicos según la presencia de caries dental. Se utilizaron los cuestionarios "Child Perceptions Questionnaire" y "Child Questionnaire About Teeth Appearence" y la evaluación clínica para detectar los dientes con caries, los perdidos u con obturaciones en dientes permanentes y deciduos. Los datos fueron analizados a través de las pruebas Chi-cuadrado y Mann Whitney con p ≤ 0,05. Resultados: Entre los 260 escolares, 130 (50%) tenían caries con más frecuencia en la franja de edad de 8 años (62,0%). Las variables socioeconómicas como la menor renta familiar y menor escolaridad de la madre se asociaron con el grupo que tenía caries (p<0,05 y p<0,01 respectivamente). Los dominios síntomas orales (4,9 vs 6,6), el bien estar emocional (3,0 vs 4,7) y el bien estar social (2,2 vs 3,5) fueron mayores en el grupo con caries que el grupo sin caries. Respecto la percepción estética, el dominio psicológico (0,94 vs 1,27) y la percepción general de salud bucal (2,26 vs 2,93) se presentaron mayores en el grupo con caries. A partir de la regresión linear se observó la contribución significativa de los números de dientes permanentes con caries y el índice ceo-d (dientes deciduos con caries, extraídos y con obturación) para la peor percepción de calidad de vida. Conclusión: La caries dental afecta de manera negativa la percepción de la estética y la calidad de vida de niños entre 8 y 10 años.

Caries treatment decisions among undergraduate and postgraduate students supported by visual detection systems.

BACKGROUND: The difficulties of caries diagnosis and the level of examiner's experience may influence the treatment decision, resulting excessive and inefficient intervention. AIM: This randomized experimental study evaluated caries treatment decisions made by undergraduate (UG) and postgraduate (PG) students when examination was performed through conventional visual clinical examination (CVCE) and when supported by ICDAS (IC) or Nyvad's (NY) criteria. DESIGN: Four UG and four PG initially analyzed, by CVCE, 300 primary incisors and molars surfaces of 25 children aged 5-12 years, and choose between no treatment, non-operative, and operative treatment. Students were randomized between IC (2UG; 2PG) and NY (2UG; 2PG) and, after one week of receiving training, repeated evaluations and treatment suggestions. Reference standard was established by two researchers' consensus. Sensitivity, specificity, ROC analysis, and kappa were calculated. Treatment decisions were analyzed by means of contingency tables. RESULTS: Only sensitivity showed statistical difference (P < 0.05). Operative treatment had high percentage for initial lesions at first evaluation for both criteria; second evaluation showed higher percentage of non-operative treatments for the same lesions. CONCLUSIONS: IC and NY present satisfactory performance in primary teeth by UG and PG, and their use may assistance UG to adopt a less interventionist approach for initial enamel lesions.

Are Hypomineralized Primary Molars and Canines Associated with Molar-Incisor Hypomineralization?

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of and relationship between hypomineralized second primary molars (HSPM) and hypomineralized primary canines (HPC) with molar-incisor hypomineralization (MIH) in 1,963 schoolchildren. METHODS: The European Academy of Paediatric Dentistry (EAPD) criterion was used for scoring HSPM/HPC and MIH. Only children with four permanent first molars and eight incisors were considered in calculating MIH prevalence (n equals 858); for HSPM/HPC prevalence, only children with four primary second molars (n equals 1,590) and four primary canines (n equals 1,442) were considered. To evaluate the relationship between MIH/HSPM, only children meeting both criteria cited were considered (n equals 534), as was true of MIH/HPC (n equals 408) and HSPM/HPC (n equals 360; chi-square test and logistic regression). RESULTS: The prevalence of MIH was 14.69 percent (126 of 858 children). For HSPM and HPC, the prevalence was 6.48 percent (103 of 1,592) and 2.22 percent (32 of 1,442), respectively. A significant relationship was observed between MIH and both HSPM/HPC (P<0.001). The odds ratio for MIH based on HSPM was 6.31 (95 percent confidence interval [CI] equals 2.59 to 15.13) and for HPC was 6.02 (95 percent CI equals 1.08 to 33.05). CONCLUSION: The results led to the conclusion that both hypomineralized second primary molars and hypomineralized primary canines are associated with molar-incisor hypomineralization, because children with HSPM/HPC are six times more likely to develop MIH.

Cone-beam computed tomography as a surgical guide to impacted anterior teeth.

Surgical procedure for removal of impacted teeth is a challenge for clinicians as it involves accuracy in the diagnosis and localization of the dental elements. The cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT), compared to the conventional radiography, has a greater potential to provide complementary information because of its three-dimensional (3D) images, reducing the possibility of failures in surgical procedures. Two 10-year-old boys presented with aesthetic issues associated with the juxtaposition of ectopic teeth with the permanent ones. Both two-dimensional and 3D preoperative radiographic diagnostic sets were produced. The occlusal and panoramic radiographs were not enough for proper localization of impacted incisors. Thus, the CBCT was used as a surgical guide. After 2 years of longitudinal following, no lesion was recorded, and the orthodontic treatment has proven successful. In all cases, CBCT contributed to both diagnosis and correct localization of supernumerary teeth, aiding the professional in the treatment planning, and consequently in the clinical success. The surgeries were completely safe, avoiding damage in noble structures, and providing a better recovering of the patients.

Esthetic dental anomalies as motive for bullying in schoolchildren.

Facial esthetics, including oral esthetics, can severely affect children's quality-of-life, causing physical, social and psychological impairment. Children and adolescents with esthetic-related dental malformations are potential targets for bullies. This study was aimed to present and discuss patients who suffered from bullying at school and family environment due to esthetic-related teeth anomalies. Providing an adequate esthetic dental treatment is an important step in their rehabilitation when the lack of esthetic is the main source of bullying. After dental treatment, we noted significant improvement in self-esteem, self-confidence, socialization and academic performance of all patients and improvement in parental satisfaction regarding the appearance of their children. It is imperative that both family and school care providers be constantly alert about bullying in order to prevent or interrupt aggressive and discriminatory practices against children and adolescents. Clearly, dental anomalies may be a motive for bullying.

Comparison of linear measurements and analyses taken from plaster models and three-dimensional images.

Digital models are an alternative for carrying out analyses and devising treatment plans in orthodontics. The objective of this study was to evaluate the accuracy and the reproducibility of measurements of tooth sizes, interdental distances and analyses of occlusion using plaster models and their digital images. Thirty pairs of plaster models were chosen at random, and the digital images of each plaster model were obtained using a laser scanner (3Shape R-700, 3Shape A/S). With the plaster models, the measurements were taken using a caliper (Mitutoyo Digimatic(®), Mitutoyo (UK) Ltd) and the MicroScribe (MS) 3DX (Immersion, San Jose, Calif). For the digital images, the measurement tools used were those from the O3d software (Widialabs, Brazil). The data obtained were compared statistically using the Dahlberg formula, analysis of variance and the Tukey test (p < 0.05). The majority of the measurements, obtained using the caliper and O3d were identical, and both were significantly different from those obtained using the MS. Intra-examiner agreement was lowest when using the MS. The results demonstrated that the accuracy and reproducibility of the tooth measurements and analyses from the plaster models using the caliper and from the digital models using O3d software were identical.

Comparison of space analysis performed on plaster vs. digital dental casts applying Tanaka and Johnston's equation.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to compare dental size measurements, their reproducibility and the application of Tanaka and Johnston regression equation in predicting the size of canines and premolars on plaster and digital dental casts. METHODS: Thirty plaster casts were scanned and digitized. Mesiodistal measurements of the teeth were then performed with a digital caliper on the plaster and digital casts using O3d software system (Widialabs©).The sum of the sizes of the lower incisors was used to obtain predictive values of the sizes of the premolars and canines using the regression equation, and these values were compared with the actual sizes of the teeth. The data were statistically analyzed by applying to the results Pearson's correlation test, Dahlberg's formula, paired t-test and analysis of variance (p < 0.05). RESULTS: Excellent intraexaminer agreement was observed in the measurements performed on both dental casts. No random error was present in the measurements obtained with the caliper and systematic error (bias) was more frequent in the digital casts. Space prediction obtained by applying the regression equation was greater than the sum of the canines and premolars on the plaster and digital casts. CONCLUSIONS: Despite an adequate reproducibility of the measurements performed on both casts, most measurements on the digital casts were higher than those on the plaster casts. The predicted space was overestimated in both models and significantly higher in the digital casts.

Genes expressed in dental enamel development are associated with molar-incisor hypomineralization.

Genetic disturbances during dental development influence variation of number and shape of the dentition. In this study, we tested if genetic variation in enamel formation genes is associated with molar-incisor hypomineralization (MIH), also taking into consideration caries experience. DNA samples from 163 cases with MIH and 82 unaffected controls from Turkey, and 71 cases with MIH and 89 unaffected controls from Brazil were studied. Eleven markers in five genes [ameloblastin (AMBN), amelogenin (AMELX), enamelin (ENAM), tuftelin (TUFT1), and tuftelin-interacting protein 11 (TFIP11)] were genotyped by the TaqMan method. Chi-square was used to compare allele and genotype frequencies between cases with MIH and controls. In the Brazilian data, distinct caries experience within the MIH group was also tested for association with genetic variation in enamel formation genes. The ENAM rs3796704 marker was associated with MIH in both populations (Brazil: p=0.03; OR=0.28; 95% C.I.=0.06-1.0; Turkey: p=1.22e-012; OR=17.36; 95% C.I.=5.98-56.78). Associations between TFIP11 (p=0.02), ENAM (p=0.00001), and AMELX (p=0.01) could be seen with caries independent of having MIH or genomic DNA copies of Streptococcus mutans detected by real time PCR in the Brazilian sample. Several genes involved in enamel formation appear to contribute to MIH.

Contaminación microbiana en las líneas de agua de las unidades odontológicas / Microbial contamination in the water lines of dental inits

Los microorganismos son responsables de múltiples patologías e infecciones. De esta manera, es fundamental controlar la microbiota que se encuentra en el agua que sale de la jeringa triple y que es usada para la irrigación en diferentes procedimientos odontológicos como en cirugía, periodoncia, endodoncia, entre otros, para producir el éxito a largo plazo. El objetivo de éste estudio fue identificar las especies microbianas (bacterianas y micóticas) cultivables, presentes en las líneas de agua de las unidades odontológicas en una clínica privada en la ciudad de Medellín, Colombia. Se evaluaron por conveniencia y al azar 11 unidades odontológicas de 89, de cada una se recolectó una muestra de agua de 500 ml expulsada por la jeringa triple. El análisis consistió en búsqueda de coliformes totales y recuento de microorganismos cultivables como también recuento de hongos filamentosos y levaduras. El recuento de microorganismos mesófilos osciló entre 40 UFC y más de 200 UFC. Se aislaron microorganismos como Aeromona Salmonicida, Actinobacilus sp y Speudomona maltophil. No se encontraron coliformes totales ni fecales. La alta contaminación indica formación de una biopelícula madura, pero la ausencia de coliformes totales y fecales señala que el agua está bien tratada, pero en algún sitio de la línea de agua hay formación de biopelículas.

Microorganisms are responsible for multiple infections and pathologies; this is why it is important to control microbes that can be found in the triple syringe used for irrigation in different dental procedures. The aim of this study was to identify cultivable species of microbes (fungus and bacteria) found in some dental units water lines of a private dental clinic from Medellín, Colombia. Random samples were taken from 11 chairs from a total of 89; a sample of water of 500ml was collected from the triple syringe of each selected chair. The study aim to search for the presence of total coliforms, filamentous fungi and leavened. The average presence of microorganisms was between 40CFU and more of 200 CFU. Microorganisms such as Aeromona salmonicida, Actinobacilus sp and Pseudomona maltophil were isolated. No total coliforms neither fecal coliforms were found. The high levels of contamination suggest that there is a mature biofilm in somewhere of the dental unit water line, but the absence of total and fecalis coliforms suggest that the water had been treated.

Hipomineralización incisivo y molar: diagnóstico diferencial / Incisor and molar Hypomineralization: differential diagnosis

La hipomineralización de primeros molares frecuentemente es acompañada con una hipomineralización de incisivos (HIM - Hipomineralización Incisivo y Molar) esto es comúnmente encontrado en la práctica clínica. El esmalte hipomineralizado es frágil, puede fracturarse y dejar expuesta la dentina, causando sensibilidad dental y aumento del riesgo de caries. La prevalencia de HIM varía de 3,6 a 25% en el norte de Europa, siendo considerada un problema de salud pública. En cuanto a los factores etiológicos los datos no son definidos, por lo cual causas sistémicas parecen importantes. Los posibles factores etiológicos de este cambio son a menudo relacionados con problemas en el embarazo y enfermedades de la infancia en los tres primeros años de vida. El HIM es frecuentemente confundido con otros defectos del esmalte como amelogénesis imperfecta, la fluorosis y la hipoplasia, sin embargo, detalles sobre las características clínicas de esta condición pueden diferenciarlo de otros defectos del esmalt

Hypomineralized first molar often in combination with hypomineralized incisors (MIH - molar incisor hypomineralization) is a common finding in everyday practice. In this condition, hypomineralized dental enamel is fragile and soft, and it can break easily leading to an exposed dentin, and causing dental sensitivity and progression of caries lesions. The prevalence of MIH range from 3.6 to 25% in North of Europe that consider this condition a public health problem. No conclusive information was reported about the etiologic factors of MIH, however, systemic causes seem to be of importance. Several aetiological factors are mentioned as the cause of this condition and they are frequently associated with complications during pregnancy and childhood diseases during the first three years of life. MIH is frequently misinterpreted as fluorosis, hypoplasia or amelogénesis imperfect, however, this condition presents defined clinical aspects that can distinct it from the other defects

Hipominerazación de incisivos y molares: aspectos clínicos de la severidad / Molar and incisors hypomineralization: clinical aspects of the severity

La hipomineralización de incisivos y molares (HIM) es un trastorno de desarrollo de los primeros molares y de los incisivos permanentes. El esmalte afectado es frágil y fácilmente se puede desprender dejando expuesta la dentina, lo cual favorece la sensibilidad dentinaria y el desarrollo de lesiones cariosas. Los posibles factores etiológicos se asocian a alteraciones durante la gestación y a algunas enfermedades de la primera infancia. El tratamiento depende de la severidad del caso y puede incluir restauraciones de los dientes cariados, extracciones cuando estén indicadas, conservación y/o recuperación del espacio mediante aparatología ortodóncica. Los pacientes afectados por HIM exhiben signos y síntomas clínicos definidos, ello permite clasificarlos de acuerdo con la severidad y con las características de la hipomineralización. El objetivo de este trabajo es presentar las características clínicas asociadas con la hypomineralization incisivo-molar, de niños de 6 a 12 años de edad que asisten a la clínica de Estudios de Posgrado, la disciplina de Odontología Pediátrica de la Facultad de Odontología de Araraquara, UNESP, para ayudar al cirujano dentista en el diagnóstico y la toma de decisiones en el tratamiento

Molar-Incisor Hypomineralization (MIH) is an enamel development defect affecting one to four permanent first molars frequently associated with affected incisors. The enamel breakdown is common in the affected molars resulting in hypersensitivity and to dental caries development. The possible etiological factors are associated with systemic cause occurring in pregnancy, around the time of birth or in the first childhood. The treatment depends of the defect severity, and includes restorations and extractions of the teeth associated with orthodontic treatment in tooth severely affected. The aim of this study is present clinic characteristics relative to MIH in children aged 6 to 12 years treated and accompanied in Pediatric Dentistry Clinic of the Araraquara School of Dentistry, UNESP, to help dentistry in diagnosis and treatment plan

An uncommon focal epithelial hyperplasia manifestation.

Focal epithelial hyperplasia is a rare, contagious disease associated with infection of the oral mucosa by human papillomavirus types 13 or 32, characterized by multiple soft papules of the same color as the adjacent normal mucosa. It mainly affects the lower lip, buccal mucosa, and tongue. The purpose of this case report was to describe a rare verrucal lesion located in the upper gingiva that was clinically and histologically consistent with focal epithelial hyperplasia.

Moebius syndrome: clinical manifestations in a pediatric patient.

Moebius syndrome is a congenital, nonprogressive disorder clinically characterized by loss of facial expression, impaired stomatognathic system functions, incapacity to close the eyelids, and several oral impairments. The purpose of this paper was to present the clinical manifestations and the dental treatment in a 5-year, 2-month-old male Moebius syndrome patient. The child presented with facial asymmetry, difficulty performing facial mimic movements and pronouncing some letters, and compromised suction, mastication, breathing, and deglutition. An intraoral examination revealed hypofunction of the perioral muscles, cheeks and tongue, ankyloglossia, anterior open bite, and absence of carious lesions and dental anomalies. The dental treatment consisted of frenectomy and further placement of a removable orthodontic appliance with a palatal crib for correction of the anterior open bite. After 12 months of follow-up, anterior open bite decreased and speech, deglutition, and mastication improved.

Clinical manifestations and oral findings in Fraser syndrome.

This article is the first known case report of Fraser syndrome in the dental literature. Its purpose was to present the clinical manifestations, oral findings, and dental treatment of a 14-year, 10-month-old female patient. Fraser syndrome is a rare recessive autosomal genetic disorder characterized by multisystemic malformation, usually comprising cryptophthalmos, syndactyly, and renal defects. The child presented with: (1) hydrocephaly; (2) face asymmetry; (3) low-inserted ears; (4) flat nose bridge; (5) cryptophthalmos; (6) bilateral absence of eyeballs; (7) hypertelorism; (8) syndactyly on the left fingers and toes; (9) skeletal defects; and (10) lower limb asymmetry. The intraoral examination revealed: (1) complete primary denture; (2) malocclusion; (3) tooth crowding; (4) ogival palate; (5) normal labial frena; (6) absence of lingual frenum (not compromising the tongue movements); (7) parched lips; (8) supragingival calculus adhered to all tooth surfaces; and (9) moderate gingivitis. The dental treatment consisted of periodic monitoring of the patient's oral health status and supragingival scaling associated with topical applications of 0.12% chlorhexidine digluconate gel at 2-week intervals to reduce gingivitis.

Cutting characteristics of dental diamond burs made with CVD technology.

The aim of this study was to determine the cutting ability of chemical vapor deposition (CVD) diamond burs coupled to an ultrasonic dental unit handpiece for minimally invasive cavity preparation. One standard cavity was prepared on the mesial and distal surfaces of 40 extracted human third molars either with cylindrical or with spherical CVD burs. The cutting ability was compared regarding type of substrate (enamel and dentin) and direction of handpiece motion. The morphological characteristics, width and depth of the cavities were analyzed and measured using scanning electron micrographs. Statistical analysis using the Kruskal-Wallis test (p < 0.05) revealed that the width and depth of the cavities were significantly greater when they were prepared on dentin. Wider cavities were prepared when the cylindrical CVD bur was used, and deeper cavities resulted from preparation with the spherical CVD bur. The direction of handpiece motion did not influence the size of the cavities, and the CVD burs produced precise and conservative cutting.

Sucção de alta potência no controle das partículas emitidas pelo sistema de abrasão a ar em consultório odontológico / Control of particles emitted by air-abrasion system with high-power suction in a dental office

O estudo, de desenho transversal, teve como objetivo levantar a prevalência de sobrepeso e obesidade em trabalhadores de cozinhas (n = 200) de oito hospitais públicos localizados na grande Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, verificando se há algum fator de risco específico relacionado às condições de trabalho. Utilizaram-se, como grupo de comparação, trabalhadores das lavanderias (n =178) dos mesmos hospitais. Os dados foram coletados através de questionário estruturado e levantamento de medidas de peso e estatura. A prevalência de sobrepeso e obesidade (IMC 25 kg/m2) foi maior entre os trabalhadores de cozinhas, encontrando-se associação positiva entre as mulheres (RP = 1,3; IC 95% = 1,1 a 1,5). A variável beliscar alimentos no local de trabalho mostrou se condição específica dos trabalhadores de cozinhas independentemente do sexo, sendo que os homens e as mulheres das cozinhas beliscam alimentos freqüentemente no trabalho 5,7 e 3,9 vezes mais que os homens e mulheres das lavanderias, respectivamente. Sendo assim, o acesso ao alimento pode estar relacionado à manutenção do excesso de peso e a maiores médias de peso entre as mulheres.

The aim of this study is to check the prevalence of overweight and/or obesity in kitchen workers and to observe if there is any specific risk factor related to their working conditions. It is a cross-sectional study with all the kitchen (n =200) and laundry (n = 178) workers of eight public hospitals in Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, a state located in the South of Brazil. Collecting of data included checking their weighs and measures and their answers to a questionnaire. The prevalence of overweight and obesity (BM I? 25 kg/m2) was higher among kitchen workers; a positive association was found for females only (Prevalence Rate Ratio = 1,3; 95% CI; 1,1; 1,5). The variable food snacking in the workplace was found to be typical for kitchen workers, either male or female. It was also found that both male and female kitchen workers frequently snack 5.7 and 3.9 more in the workplace than laundry workers. The easy access to food may be the reason for the highest weight levels among women

Restorative treatment on Class I and II restorations in primary molars: a survey of Brazilian dental schools.

A survey was sent to 70 Brazilian dental schools evaluating techniques and restorative materials being taught for Class I and II preparation in posterior primary teeth by Pediatric Dentistry courses. After a 54% response rate, marked teaching diversity was found among Brazilian dental schools. Amalgam continues to be taught, but a tendency of preference towards more esthetic-like materials was observed.

Treatment options for the occlusal surface of first permanent molars.

Restorative dentistry has been increasingly concerned with preservation of the dental structure. For that reason, ultraconservative cavity preparations have been performed with air abrasion systems. The aim of this study was to present treatment options for the occlusal surface of first permanent molars with employment of the conventional method and the air abrasion system for accomplishment of the cavity preparation and a composite occlusal matrix for an accurate reproduction of the tooth surface.